New Zealand is a long narrow country lying roughly north-south. Consisting of the North and South Islands (and a number of smaller islands), it covers 103,736 square miles (166,940 square kilometres) and is 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometres) long. It covers an area slightly larger than the United Kingdom. New Zealand is situated in the South Pacific, approximately 6,500 miles (10,400 kilometres) south west of North America and 1,400 miles (2,250 kilometres) east of Australia.

The Dutch navigator, Abel Tasman, sighted and named New Zealand in 1642. However, it was not until 1769 that Captain James Cook charted the coastline and explored the country. Whalers and traders began to arrive on New Zealand's shores soon after Captain Cook. The first European setters arrived in the early nineteenth century at the Bay of Islands and established missionary stations in the area. Mass immigration occurred shortly after the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840.

         New Zealand has a population of almost 3.5 million people, three quarters of whom live in the North Island, one of the two main islands. New Zealand Maori make up approximately 10% of the population, and Polynesian people approximately 4% of New Zealand's multi-cultural society. Chinese, Indian and Asian ethnic groups are increasing in population size within New Zealand.

 

        New Zealand is exactly twelve hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time. In summer, early October to late March, we enjoy an extra hour of daylight saving, to extend the warm summer evenings.

 

  New Zealand has a particularly clear and unpolluted atmosphere with average daily sunshine hours ranging from seven to eight in summer and four to five in winter. Ranging from subtropical in the north to temperate in the south, the mean summer temperature is 23° Celcius (74° Farenheit) and 14° Celcius (57° Farenheit) in winter. Seasons are opposite to those in the Northern Hemisphere - winter is between June and August and summer is between December and February.

         British Colony since 1840, New Zealand declared national sovereignty in 1947, but remains a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth as head of state. Recently, New Zealand replaced the previous 'first past the post' electoral system with a new mixed member system of proportional representation. There are now several mainstream political parties - National and Labour, who were the 'traditional' parties along with more recent political parties including New Zeland First and the Alliance. The current government is a coalition between National and New Zealand First.

 

          Even though well over 80% of New Zealanders live in towns and cities, agricultural products are the basis of New Zealand's economy and is the biggest export earner. That's not surprising when you consider that one third of the country's total area is sown in pasture and that sheep out number people by twenty five to one! Tourism, forestry, horticulture, fishing and manufacturing have become increasingly important sectors in the economy in recent years. Australia is New Zealand's largest export market, followed by Japan, Asia, the United States and the United Kingdom.

the south end of the South Island.
New Zealand's spectacularly beautiful landscape incorporates vast mountain ranges, steamy volcanoes, sweeping coasts, deeply indented fjords and boasts some of the most fertile farm land in the world. Combine this farmland with the skills passed down through generations of New Zealand farmers and cutting edge farming technology and you have the reasons why New Zealand produces some of the finest crops in the world.

New Zealand's cultural identity draws together a multitude of influences from it's own indigenous Maori culture to those of it's Pacific Island neighbors and numerous early European settlers, creating a unique and individual character.With a population of only 3.8 million and equivalent in size to the state of Colorado New Zealand is one of the world's least populated nations with a population density of only 35 people per square mile.

New Zealand's true spirit is to be found in it's 'can do' or 'give it a go' attitude. This spirit has produced world firsts in many fields including the first jet boat, the first bungee jumping, the first successful defense of the America's Cup, the first kiwi fruit as well as many firsts in science and social change.

New Zealand can also boast the first light of the new day. New Zealand's image as a progressive yet natural, fresh, clean, pristine land has been rightfully earned and is reflected in a range of quality New Zealand products under the brand name of Elysian Isle and bought to you by New Zealand Imports Incorporated

          New Zealand is home to spectacular landscapes, cosmopolitan cities and the famous rugby playing All Blacks. For the time being it is also home to the America’s Cup, plus much, much more!

    It is a country of diverse cultures, proud of its Polynesian heritage mingled with European tradition. The country is famous worldwide for its beautiful scenery and friendly people. Our lush country has many attractions for visitors; it is a haven for those seeking peace, rejuvenation and relaxation as well as a playground for thrillseekers and adventurers.

         Equivalent in size to Great Britain, Colorado or Japan, New Zealand has a population of only 3.8 million – making it one of the world’s least crowded countries. New Zealand is a three and a half hour flight from Eastern Australia, a non-stop overnight flight from the USA, and up to 10 hours flight from most places on the Pacific Rim.

         Christchurch, the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, was selected as the ideal venue for ICPP2003 because of the quality of its conference facilities and accommodation. The city is level, spacious and beautiful. Purpose-built facilities permit all Congress activities to take place

within the Christchurch Convention Centre, with a range of accommodation within easy walking distance of the venue.

 

No

2

Cacti Name

FAN Name

ขนุน

1


Coryphantha elephantidens

Coryphantha elephantidens

2


 Hamatocactus hamatacanthus

Hamatocactus Hamatacanthus

3


Eriocereus jusbertii

Eriocereus jusbertii

4


Parodia sp.

Mammillaria nunezii

5


Lophophora williamsii

Lophophora williamsii

6


Mammillaria schiedeana 

Mammillaria schiedeana

7


Ferocactus herrerae

 

8


Mammillaria schumannii

Mammillaria schumannii

9


Leuchtenbergia principis

Leuchtenbergia principis

10


Mammillaria nivosa

Mammillaria nivosa

 

 

 

 

 

 

     total

7

อันดับที่ได้

1

 

 

เข้ารอบ 2
 

         The city offers concerts, art galleries, exhibitions, excellent shopping, a casino and nightclubs. Its many cafes and restaurants provide a wide range of cuisine, using high quality local products and representing excellent value for money. New Zealand wines are among the best in the world and are reasonably priced.

          Christchurch lies close to some of the most beautiful countryside in the world and the Congress will be held during mid-summer when delegates will have an enormous variety of recreational activities available within easy reach of the city. These include the thermal resort of Hanmer Springs, whalewatching in Kaikoura and the award winning International Antarctic Centre at Christchurch airport.

             New Zealand lies in the Southern Pacific Ocean, about 1,600km southeast of Australia. The bulk of the country is made up of two islands, the North Island and the South Island. These two islands stretch north and south for a distance of about 2200 km or 1500 miles, about the same distance as from Vancouver BC to Los Angeles, California. The climate changes are about the same as from Los Angeles to Vancouver BC also. Warm and sub-tropical year round at the north end of the North Island (remember we are in the southern hemisphere) to cold, snowy winters at.

        The North of New Zealand is sub-tropical and the South temperate. The warmest months are December, January and February, and the coldest June, July and August. In summer, the average maximum temperature ranges between 20-30ºC and in winter between 10-15ºC. You can check on weather conditions in New Zealand on the New Zealand Met Service website.

Dress is informal and relaxed on most occasions. Smart casual clothes are acceptable at most restaurants and nightspots. Men are generally not expected to wear suits and ties, except in a few of the top formal bars and restaurants in major cities. In summer a light jacket or sweater should be included in your luggage should the weather turn cooler or you visit the high country. You can expect some rain, so include a light waterproof jacket or coat. Pack warm winter clothing if visiting between May and September. Layer your clothing.

English is the common and everyday language of New Zealand. You may also hear other languages spoken, including Maori, which is also an official language of New Zealand.

              The Maori were New Zealand's first settlers. They made an epic journey from legendary Hawaiki, probably in Polynesia to the north of New Zealand, about 1000 years ago. The great explorer Kupe, who legend says first discovered New Zealand, named the new land Aotearoa - Land of the Long White Cloud. The first documented European to discover New Zealand was Dutch navigator Abel Tasman who came here in 1642 in search of the fabled great southern continent. Over a century and a quarter later Captain James Cook claimed it for Britain in 1769 and produced a map.

The Treaty of Waitangi is New Zealand's founding document and established the country as a nation. It was signed in 1840 between leading Maori chiefs and representatives of the British Crown. The location, at Waitangi in the Bay of Islands, is now one of the country's most historic sites. The signing of the treaty began on 6 February, which has become New Zealand's national day, known as 'Waitangi Day'.

        New Zealand is an independent nation and a member of the British Commonwealth. It has a diverse multi-cultural population of around 3.8 million people. The majority of New Zealanders are of British descent, and the largest minority is New Zealand's indigenous Maori who make up around 14 percent of the population.

New Zealand is a modern country with a well-developed economy and a government structure based on the British parliamentary system. New Zealand has long been a sovereign nation in its own right with only tenuous ties to Britain through New Zealand's membership of the British Commonwealth. You can find more information on the New Zealand's government and its monetary policy at the Reserve Bank of New Zealand website and New Zealand Government Online.

New Zealand's first settlers, the Maori, named the kiwi bird for the sound of its chirp - kiwi, kiwi, kiwi! This flightless bird, about the size of a domestic hen, has an extremely long beak and plumage more like hair than feathers. New Zealanders have adopted this nocturnal, flightless and endearing creature as their national emblem. Referring to New Zealanders as Kiwis probably dates back to the First World War, when New Zealand soldiers acquired this nickname. In