No	Cactus Name /FAN Name	Other names from Reference CACTI THE ILLUSTRATED DICTIONARY by ROD & KEN PRESTON-MAFHAM	แหล่งเมล็ดพันธุ์	สุรพล surapol_eng
1	Astrophytum myriostigma	Astrophytum myriostigma  v. quadricostatum (Moell.)       page 7	tum_rabbit	Astrophytum myriostigma
2	Discocactus araneispinus	1. Discocactus zehntneri B. & R. 2. Discocactus albispinus 3. Discocactus boomianus       page 32	คุณโอภาส	Melecactus dawnsonii
3	Melocactus evae		คุณโอภาส	Hamatocactus hamatacunthus
4	Coryphantha maiz-tablasensis	page 26	คุณโอภาส	Turbinicarpus laui
5	Thelocactus bicolor	1.Thelocactus bicolor v. tricolor 2. Ferocactus bicolor 3. others..       page 189	tum_rabbit	Weingartia lanata
6	Hamatocactus setispinus		tum_rabbit	Dolichothale longimamma
7	Obregonia denegrii	1. Ariocarpus denegrii 2.Strombocactus denegrii       page 16	คุณโอภาส	Ariocarpus agavoides
8	Ariocarpus trigonus	page 156	คุณ Baso	Ariocarpus bravoanus
9	Echinocactus grusonii	page 32	tum_rabbit	Echinocactus grusonii
10	Notocactus ottonis	1. Parodia ottonis       page 153	คุณโอภาส	Gymnocalycium baldinum
			total	2
			อันดับที่ได้	5
			เข้ารอบ 1

Golf is a very old game of which the exact origins are unclear. The origin of golf is open to debate as to being owever, the most accepted golf history theory is that this sport originated from Scotland in the 1100s

A  first mentioned in Dōngxuān Records東軒錄), a Chinese book of 11th Century. It was also mentioned on a city called Here the Dutch played a game with a stick and leather ball. Whoever hit the ball into a target several hundreds of meters away the most number of times, won.

However, modern golf is considered to be a the game was mentioned in two 15th century laws prohibiting the playing of the game of gowf. Some scholars have suggested that this refers to another game which is more akin to modernan golf. A game of putting a small ball into a hole in the ground using clubs was played in 17th century ishing trade over the North Sea during the Middle Ages and early Modern Period led to much language interaction between , Dutch, Flemish and other languages. There are reports of even earlier accounts of golf from continental Europe.

The oldest playing golf course in the world is The Musselburgh Old Links Golf Course vidence has shown that golf was played here in 1672 although  eputedly played there in 1567.

Golf courses have not always had eighteen holes. Thepy a narrow strip of land along the sea. As early as the 15th century, golfers at established a customary route through the undulating terrain, playing to holes whose locations were dictated by topography. The course that emerged featured eleven holes, laid out end to end from the clubhouse to the far end of the property. One played the holes out, turned around, and played the holes in, for a total of 22 holes. In 1764, several of the holes were deemed too short, and were therefore combined. The number was thereby reduced from 11 to nine, so that a complete round of the links comprised 18 holes

The major changes in equipment since the 19th century have been better mowers, especially for the greens, better golf ball designs, using rubber and man-made materials since about 1900, and the introduction of the metal shaft beginning in the 1930s. Also in the 1930s the wooden golf tee was invented. In the 1970s the use of steel and then titanium to replace wood heads began, and shafts made of "graphite" (also known as re introduced in the 1980s. Though wooden tees are still most popular, various designs of plastic tees have been developed in recent years, and the synthetic materials composing the modern ball continue to be developed.

Golf balls are famous for "dimples". These small dips in the surface of the golf ball decrease aerodynamic drag which allows the ball to fly furthelf is also famous for the use oese show the position of the hole to players when they make their first drive and are too far away from the hole to aim accurately. When all players in a group are within putting distance, the moved by a "caddy" or a fellow player to allow for easier access to the hole.

World popularity

In 2005lated that there were nearly 32,000 golf courses in the world, approximately half of them in the e countries with most golf courses in relation to population, starting with the best endowed were: (countries with fewer than 500,000 people were excluded). Apart from Sweden, all of these countries have majority language, but the number of courses in new territories is increasing rapidly. For example the first golf course in theopened in the mid-1980s, but by 2005 there were 200 courses in that country.

The professional sport was initially dominated by Scottish then English golfers, but sinceAmerica has produced the greatest quantity of leading professionals. Otherountries such asre also traditional powers in the sport. Since around the 1970s, nd other countries have produced leading players on a regular basis. The number of countries with high-class professionals continues to increase steadily, especially in notably strong in women's golf.

The last decade or so has seen a marked increase in specialised golf vacations or holidays worldwide. This demand for travel which is centered around golf has led to the development ofh cater to golfers and feature integrated golf courses.

In the number of people who play golf 25 times or more per year fell from 6.9 million in 2000 to 4.6 million in 2005, according to the National Golf Foundation. The Foundation reported a smaller decline in the number who played golf at all; it fell from 30 million to 26 million over the same period.

Golf course

Main article:

Golf is played in an area of land designated A course consists of a series of holes, each consisting of a teeing area, fairway, rough and other hazards, and the green with the pin and cup. A typical golf course consists of eighteen holes, but many have only nine

[ Play of the game

Every game of golf is based on playing a number of holes in a given order. A round typically consists of 18 holes that are played in the order determined by the course layout. On a nine-hole course, a standard round consists of two successive nine-hole rounds. Playing a hole on the course golf consists of hitting a ball from a tee on the  marked area designated for the first shot of a hole, a tee shot), and once the ball comes to rest, striking it again. This process is repeated until the ball is in the cup. Once the ball is on the green (an area of finely cut grass) the ball is usually putted (hit along the ground) into the hole. The goal of resting the ball in the hole in as few strokes as possible may be impeded by hazards, such as bunkers and most typical forms of gameplay, each player plays his or her ball from the tee until it is holed.

Players can walk or drive in motorised carts over the course, either singly or in groups of two, three, or four, sometimes accompanied by carry and manage the players' equipment and give them advice

Each player often acts as scorer for one other player in the group, that is, he or she records the score on a score card. In stroke play (see below), the score consists of the number of strokes played plus any penalty strokes incurred. Penalty strokes are not actually strokes but penalty points that are added to the score for violations of rules or utilizing relief procedures.

Par

A hole is classified by its , the number of strokes a skilled golfer should require to complete play of the hFor example, a skilled golfer expects to reach the green on a par-four hole in two strokes (This would be considered a Green in Regulation) , one from the tee (the "drive") and another, second, stroke to the green (the "approach") and then roll the ball into the hole in two putts for par. Traditionally, a golf hole is either a par-three, -four or -five; some par-six holes exist, but are not usually found on traditional golf course

Primarily, but not exclusively, the par of a hole is determined by the tee-to-green distance. A typical length for a par-three hole ranges between 91 and 224 metres (100–250 yd), for a par-four hole, between 225 and 434 metres (251–475 yd). Typically, par-five holes are at between 435 and 630 metres (476–690 yd), and nontraditional par-six holes are any longer distance. These distances are not absolute rules; for example, it is possible that a 450 metre (492 yd) hole could be classed as a par-four hole, since the par for a hole is determined by its 'effective playing length'. If the tee-to-green distance on a hole is predominantly downhill, it will play shorter than its physical length and may be given a lower par rating. Par ratings are also affected by factors affecting difficulty; the placement of hazards or the shape of the hole for example can sometimes affect the play of a hole such that it requires an extra stroke to avoid playing into the hazard or out-of-bounds.^[

Eighteen hole courses may have four par-three, ten par-four, and four par-five holes, though other combinations exist and are not less worthy than courses of par 72. Many major championships are contested on courses playing to a par of 70, 71 or 72. In some countries, courses are classified, in addition to the course's par, with a course classification describing the play difficulty of a course and may be used to calculate a golfer's playing handicap for that given course (c.f.